tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28320824676349904852024-03-05T23:43:42.888-08:00Khairul AbdillahAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05973161947154517059noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2832082467634990485.post-5697449388777971132012-12-01T16:04:00.002-08:002012-12-01T16:04:34.977-08:00SISTEM PERIODIK UNSUR (SPU)<br />
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 22.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SISTEM PERIODIK UNSUR (SPU)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><u><span style="color: cyan; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Periodik Unsur</span></u></i></b><b><span style="color: cyan; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 6pt 0cm;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para kimiawan telah menemukan 118 unsur dialam, dengan berbagai
percobaan yang dilakukan. Namun kita dapat menghafalkannya dengan mudah kok.
Nui aku kasih cara gampang hafalin sistem periodik unsur (SPU).</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara menghafal ke 118 unsur dapat dilakukan
dengan cara modern, tetapi sialkan diurutkan sendiri ya??<br />
<br />
Begini caranya:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
<br />
hi heli</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
berapa borong karung nitrooksida f nya?<br />
nenek na magnet alam si pesan bilang<br />
biar keluar kecap<br />
secara tivi kromnya lagi mangan besi<br />
coba nina cium seng<br />
gambar dan gesek asal sebentar<br />
keritingin juga rambut segera ya<br />
zoro ama nobita mo teknologi baru<br />
jadi rumahnya pada perak catnya<br />
intinya<br />
sebutkan telur yoda yang seksi<br />
kesian bala cewek<br />
prnya baru diminum<br />
promo sama eros<br />
bikin gado2<br />
di tambah disko hot<br />
eri temennya lucu<br />
separuh tertawa keren<br />
grosir pt emas yang raksasanya tali<br />
timbul bisa polo atau renang asal francis<br />
rada aktif tho<br />
papa, urang nopi punya ama cemen<br />
buku chef einstein feri mendapat nobel low<br />
repot dubbing sibuk hasilnya boong<br />
meta darma di ronsen dengan koper<br />
untung uangku dan upahku kena hack<br />
jadi septi datang oktober</span><b><span style="color: #00ff99; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
dengan artian sebagai berikut:</span></b><span style="color: #00ff99; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><b><span style="color: #00ff99; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hi heli = hidrogen
helium litium<br />
berapa borong karung nitrooksida f nya? = berilium boron karbon nitrogen
oksigen flor<br />
Nenek na magnet alam si pesan bilang = Neon natrium magnesium aluminium silikon
pospor belerang<br />
Biar keluar kecap = Klorin Argon Kalium kalsium<br />
Secara tivi kromnya lagi mangan besi = scandium titatium vanadium krom mangan
besi<br />
coba nina cium seng = cobalt nikel cuprum seng<br />
gambar dan gesek asal sebentar = galium germanium arsenik selenium bromin<br />
Keritingin juga rambut segera ya = Kripton rubidium strontium yttrium<br />
zoro ama nobita mo teknologi baru = zirkonium niobium molibdenum teknetium
ruthenium<br />
jadi rumahnya pada perak catnya = rhodium palladium perak cadmium<br />
intinya = indium timah<br />
sebutkan telur yoda yang seksi = stibium telurium yodium xenon<br />
kesian bala cewek = cesium barium lantanum cerium<br />
prnya baru diminum = praseodimium neodimium<br />
promo sama eros = prometium samarium eropium<br />
bikin gado2 = gadolinium<br />
ditambah disko hot = terbium disporsium holmium<br />
eri temannya lucu = erbium tulium yterbium lutetium<br />
separuh tertawa keren = ha(l)fnium tantalum wolfram renium<br />
grosir pt emas yang raksasanya tali = osmium iridium platinum emas air raksa
talium<br />
timbul bisa polo atau renang asal francis = timbal bismuth polonium astatin
radon francium<br />
rada aktif tho = radium aktinium thorium<br />
papa, urang nopi punya ama cemen = protaktinium uranium neptunium plutonium
americium curium<br />
buku chef einstein feri mendapat nobel low = berkelium californium einsteinium
fermium mendelevium nobelium lowrencium<br />
repot dubbing sibuk hasilnya boong = rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium hassium
bohrium<br />
meta darma di ronsen dengan koper = metnerium darmstatium ronsenium copernicium<br />
untung uangku dan upahku kena hack = ununtrium ununkuadium ununpentium
ununhexium<br />
jadi septi datang oktober = ununseptium ununoctium<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Akan tetapi,</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><b><i><span style="color: #cc00cc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">unsur
ke 118 ternyata tidak pernah ada</span></i></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan percobaan-percobaan dalam Lab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa Sifat Periodik Unsur-Unsur<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<tbody>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0%;" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jari jari atom</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah
jarak dari inti atom ke lintasan elektron terluar.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu perioda, dari kiri ke
kanan jari jari atom berkurang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu golongan, dari atas ke
bawah jari-jari atom bertambah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jari-jari atom netral lebih besar
daripada jari-jari ion positifnya tetapi lebih kecil dari jari-jari ion
negatifnya.<br />
<br />
<i>Contoh:</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
jari-jari atom Cl < jari-jari ion Cl</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
jari-jari atom Ba > jari-jari ion Ba</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2+</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0%;" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Potensial ionisasi</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah
energi yang diperlukan untuk melepaskan elektron yang paling lemah/luar dari
atom suatu unsur atau ion dalam keadaan gas.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu perioda, dari kiri ke
kanan potensial ionisasi bertambah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu golongan, dari atas ke
bawah potensial ionisasi berkurang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0%;" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Affinitas elektron</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah
besarnya energi yang dibebaskan pada saat atom suatu unsur dalam keadaan gas
menerima elektron.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu perioda, dari kiri ke
kanan affinitas elektron bertambah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%"></td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 3.0%;" valign="top" width="3%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam satu golongan, dari atas ke
bawah affinitas elektron berkurang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 4.0%;" valign="top" width="4%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 96.0%;" width="96%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keelektronegatifan</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adalah
kemampuan atom suatu unsur untuk menarik elektron ke arah intinya dan digunakan
bersama.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SECARA DIAGRAMATIS
SIFAT-SIFAT INI DAPAT DISAJIKAN SEBAGAI BERIKUT</span></b><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Jari-jari atom<br />
2. Sifat logam<br />
3. Sifat elektropositif<br />
4. Reduktor<br />
5. Sifat basa/oksida basa</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">makin besar/kuat</span></b><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1. Sifat
elektronegatif<br />
2. Oksidator<br />
3. Potensial ionisasi<br />
4. Affinitas elektron<br />
5. Keelektronegatifan</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keterangan:
tanda-tanda panah di atas mempunyai arti sebagai berikut</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 558px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 11.0%;" valign="top" width="11%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">®</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 89.0%;" valign="top" width="89%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: artinya, dalam satu periode dari
kiri ke kanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 11.0%;" valign="top" width="11%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">¬</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 89.0%;" valign="top" width="89%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: artinya, dalam satu periode dari
kanan ke kiri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 11.0%;" valign="top" width="11%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">¯</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 89.0%;" valign="top" width="89%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: artinya, dalam satu golongan
dari atas ke bawah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 11.0%;" valign="top" width="11%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">á</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 89.0%;" valign="top" width="89%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: artinya, dalam satu golongan
dari bawah ke atas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara Penentuan Perioda Dan Golongan Suatu Unsur<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 558px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 7.0%;" valign="top" width="7%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" valign="top" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur dengan nomor atom 11,
konfigurasinya : 1s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2p</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1<br />
</span></sup></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
- n = 3, berarti periode 3 (kulit M).<br />
- elektron valensi (terluar) 3s sebanyak 1 elektron, berarti termasuk
golongan IA.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 7.0%;" valign="top" width="7%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" valign="top" width="93%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Ga dengan nomor atom 31,
konfigurasinya : 1s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2p</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3p</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3d</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4p</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1<br />
</span></sup></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
- n = 4, berarti perioda 4 (kulit N).<br />
- elektronvalensi 4s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4p</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
berarti golongan IIIA.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 7.0%;" valign="top" width="7%">
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Sc dengan nomor atom 21,
konfigurasinya : 1s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2p</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3p<sup>6</sup></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3d</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1<br />
</span></sup></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
- n = 4, berarti perioda 4 (kulit N).<br />
- 3d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">berarti golongan IIIB.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 93.0%;" valign="top" width="93%">
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur Fe dengan nomor atom 26,
konfigurasinya : 1s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2p</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3p<sup>6</sup></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4s</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3d</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><b><i><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10<br />
</span></sup></i></b><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- n = 4, berarti perioda 4 (kulit
N).<br />
- 3d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
berarti golongan VIII.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hubungan Antara Golongan Dengan Konfigurasi Elektron<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unsur yang terletak
pada satu golongan mempunyai sifat-sifat kimia yang mirip (hampir sama).<br />
Unsur-unsur golongan A disebut golongan utama, sedangkan unsur-unsur golongan B
disebut unsur transisi (peralihan), semua unsur transisi diberi simbol B
kecuali untuk triade besi, paladium dan platina disebut "golongan VIII''.</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- LAMBANG UNSUR-UNSUR
GOLONGAN A</span></i></b><b><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lambang Golongan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nama Golongan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konfigurasi
Elektron Orbital Terluar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alkali</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">II - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alkali tanah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">III - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Boron</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- np</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IV - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karbon - Silikon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- np</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">V - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nitogen - Posphor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- np</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">VI - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oksigen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- np</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">VII - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Halogen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- np</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 25.0%;" width="25%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">VIII - A</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 24.0%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gas mulia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 51.0%;" width="51%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- np</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
LAMBANG UNSUR-UNSUR GOLONGAN B</span></i></b><b><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 260px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konfigurasi Elektron</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lambang Golongan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">III - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IV - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">V - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">VI - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">VII - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6-8</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">VIII</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 46.0%;" width="46%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n - 1) d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ns</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 54.0%;" width="54%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">II - B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-
GOLONGAN LANTANIDA DAN AKTINIDA, DIBERI LAMBANG</span></i></b><b><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 126px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 26.25pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 100.0%;" width="100%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(n-2)f</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1-14</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika :</span></i><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
n = 6 adalah lantanida<br />
n = 7 adalah aktinida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan SPU, SISTEM PERIODIK MENDELEYEV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SISTEM PERIODIK
MENDELEYEV</span></b><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disusun berdasarkan</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">massa</span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">atomnya</span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dengan tidak
mengabaikan sifat-sifat unsurnya.</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lahirlah hukum
periodik unsur yang menyatakan bahwa apabila unsur disusun menurut massa
atomnya, maka unsur itu akan menunjukkan sifat-sifat yang berulang secara
periodik</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa keunggulan
sistem periodik Mendeleyev, antara lain:</span></b><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tempat bagi unsur transisi.</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat tempat-tempat
kosong yang diramalkan akan diisi dengan unsur yang belum ditemukan pada waktu
itu.</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekurangan sistem
periodik ini:</span></b><b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Adanya empat pasal
anomali, yaitu penyimpangan terhadap hukum perioditas yang disusun berdasarkan
kenaikan massa atomnya. Keempat anomali itu adalah: Ar dengan K, Te dengan I,
Co dengan Ni dan Th dengan Pa.</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkembangan SPU, TRIADE DOBEREINER DAN HUKUM OKTAF NEWLANDS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TRIADE DOBEREINER</span></i><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Dobereiner menemukan adanya beberapa kelompok tiga unsur yang memiliki
kemiripan sifat, yang ada</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hubungannya dengan
massa atom.</span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 558px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 35.0%;" valign="top" width="35%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh kelompok-kelompok triade:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 65.0%;" width="65%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Cl, Br dan I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 65.0%;" width="65%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Ca, Sr dan Ba</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 65.0%;" width="65%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- S, Se dan Te</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUKUM OKTAF NEWLANDS</span></i><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Apabila unsur disusun berdasarkan</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kenaikan massa atom,</span></i><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">maka unsur kesembilan mempunyai sifat-sifat yang mirip dengan
unsur pertama, unsur kesepuluh mirip dengan unsur kedua dan seterusnya. Karena
setelah unsur kedelapan sifat-sifatnya selalu terulang, maka dinamakan hukum
Oktaf.<br />
Contoh: Li (nomor atom 3) akan mirip sifatnya dengan Na (nomor atom 11)</span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #444444; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><b><i><span style="color: #e69138; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semoga Bermanfaat ..</span></i></b><span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05973161947154517059noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2832082467634990485.post-26095872339935788772012-12-01T16:00:00.000-08:002012-12-01T16:00:25.655-08:00Kisah Sukses Remaja Dalam BerwirausahaDalam kesempatan kali ini saya akan memposting tentang kisah anak muda yang sukses berwirausaha. silahkan di baca dan petiklah segi baiknya.<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Saya sangat tertarik dengan kisah
sukses Elang Gumilang tekadnya sangat kuat dan tekun dalam membangun wirausaha
nya,dia bahkan mengawali bisnisnya dari bidang yang terkecil,sehingga tulus
tekadnya membuahkan hasil,sebagai seorang wirausaha termuda itu bukanlah
sekedar isapan jempol belaka karena karya dan karir nya sangat didedikasikan
untuk masyarakat dalam pembangunan perumahan murah bagi kalangan bawah dia
mendapatkan banyak perhatian dan pujian sehingga ia memperoleh penghargaan yang
besar atas karirnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Berikut
profilnya semoga itu semua membuat para pembaca menyadari muda itu bisa
berbakat dan muda itu bisa digunakan untuk berkarya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Elang
Gumilang 24 tahun, mahasiswa sekaligus direktur utama sebuah pengembangan
perumahan. Elang pernah muncul sebagai juara ketiga Marketing Games Perguruan
Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia di Universitas Trisakti. Ia juga juara pertama
kompetisi Ekonomi SMA Se-Jabodetabek 2003 di Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas
Indonesia dan Juara pertama Economic Contest di Institut Pertanian Bogor, tahun
yang sama. Pada tahun 2006, di Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, dia
mengubah akta perusahaan yang hampir tutup menjadi Elang Group. Bermodal awal Rp.
300 juta, kini nilai proyek Elang Group terbang menembus Rp. 17 miliar. “ Saya
tergerak menyediakan rumah murah karena banyak orang kecil kesulitan
membelinya,” ujar Elang.<br />
Elang membuat situs www.elanggumilang.com untuk menjaring mitra baru.<br />
“saya menyeleksi wirausaha mandiri 2007, saya sependapat dengan juri, Elang
anak muda berintuisi bisnis baik. Perhitungan dan cara berpikir bisnisnya jelas
serta berani mengambil kesempatan. Elang punya potensi menjadi wirausaha
sukses, masih perlu waktu dan ketekunan. Wajib menjaga kepercayaan dan perlu
berdisiplin mengelola usaha. Dalam kmpetisi ketat, pengusaha harus berfokus dan
pandai mengelola ambisi.” – Agus Martowardojo, Direktur Utama Bank Mandiri<br />
“kondisi bangunan sesuai dengan harga. Listrik ada. Tapi belum ada fasilitas
air ledeng. Air diambil dari sumur dengan mesin pompa air pemberian Elang
Group. Kekurangan perumahan ini hanyalah tak ada tempat bermain untuk
anak-anak.’- Dewi Fatimah, 35 tahun, pembeli Blok F Nomor 5, Bukit Warna Sari
Endah, Cilebut.<br />
Elang meraih penghargaan diantaranya:<br />
• Wirausaha Muda Mandiri terbaik Indonesia 2007<br />
• Lelaki Sejati Pengobar Inspirasi 2008<br />
• Man Of The Year 2008 dari TV One<br />
• Indonesia Top Young entrepreneur 2008 dari Warta Ekonomi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Elang
Gumilang Sukses di Usia 24 Tahun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Adalah Elang
Gumilang (25) , wirausaha muda yang berada di balik pembangunan perumahan amat
sederhana bertipe 22/60,mungil tapi fungsional tempat untuk pulang dan bernaung
bagi mereka yang bisa terbilang miskin.Tangan dinginya menelurkan apa yang
selama ini sangat jarang dilakukan pengembang kawakan – bermodal besar atau
kecil – untuk membuat perumahan khusus orang miskin.<br />
Selama ini bisnis properti sepertinya hanya untuk ditujukan bagi kaum berpunya
, demikian Elang berpikir. Mereka yang papa dan membutuhkan tempar bernaung
justru hanya punya mimpi untuk memiliki rumah sendiri. “Ada 75 juta penduduk
negeri ini yang membutuhkan rumah. Ini peluang bisnis , tapi kita sekalian
ibadah membantu orang juga, ” katanya.<br />
TARGET 2000 RUMAH<br />
Berayahkan seorang kontraktor , buat elang bukan hal mustahil mencoba segala
jenis usaha. Ditambah sejumlah pertimbangan mendalam, awal 2005-tatkala ia
masih menjadi mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Manajemen Institut Pertanian Bogor
(IPB) – ia mulai membeli sepetak tanah dan membangun rumah pertamanya. Modal
diperoleh dari patungan bersama teman-temannya semasa SMA maupun kuliah. Rumah
sederhana berukuran 22 meter persegi dengan luas tanah 60 meter persegi ini
langsung pindah tangan ketika selesai dibangun. Terbukti, orang haus akan rumah
murah seharga 23-37 juta rupiah itu.<br />
Saat itu, jumlah pekerja Elang baru sekitar tujuh orang untuk mengurusi
administrasi hingga pemasaran. Namun lambat laun , bisnisnya ini berakar,
menggeliat, dan bertumbuh. Dari satu unit , bertambah menjadi tiga unit .
Bertambah terus , sampai sudah sekitar lebih dari 200-an rumah dibangunnya.
Target yang direncanakannya tak tanggung-tanggung. Perusahaan Semesta Guna Grup
miliknya, ingin membangun 2.000 unit rumah sederhana. Dalam waktu setahun ,
investasi yang ditanamkan naik berlipat. Nilai jual objek pajak (NJOP) tanah
yang tadinya hanya Rp 50 ribu misalnya, melejit hingga lima kali lipat dalam
dua semester.<br />
Omzet per tahunnya pasti bikin pengusaha mana pun berdecak kagum – mengingat
awal mula sepak terjangnya – karena tak kurang dari Rp 20 miliar per tahun
dapat ia bukukan.Belum lagi dari kontrak pre periodik terbarunya menambah Rp 80
miliar hingga Rp 100 miliar ke bisnisnya.<br />
Elang Gumilang, mahasiswa sederhana dari IPB – kampusnya petani- anak H. Enceh
dan Hj.Priani, kini mempekerjakan ratusan karyawan pada setiap proyeknya.
Sekitar 30 tenaga administrasi dan 100 pekerja di setiap proyek siap
membantunya. Elang-lajang kelahiran Bogor , 6 April 1985 telah mengepakkan
sayap bisnis sejauh yang ia bisa, dan terbang setinggi yang dapat ia capai.<br />
‘Otot dan Otak Bisnis<br />
Elang terlahir dari keluarga yang lumayan berada, namun bergaya hidup
bersahaja. Pendidikan moral dari orangtuanya tertanam baik.<br />
Ajaran itu terus berurat akar dalam dirinya. Sebagai pelajar sekolah, ia termasuk
siswa gemilang. Jiwa wirausaha Elang mulai terasah saat ia duduk di bangku
kelas 3 SMU. Ia mempunyai target setelah lulus SMA harus mendapatkan uang Rp 10
juta untuk modal kuliah. Tanpa sepengetahuan orangtua, ia berjualan donat
keliling ke sekolah-sekolah dasar di Bogor. Namun, akhirnya orangtuanya tahu
juga. Elang disuruh berhenti berjualan karena UAN (Ujian Akhir Nasional) telah
menjelang.<br />
Dilarang berjualan donat , pemenang lomba bahasa sunda tahun 2000 se Bogor ini
tertangtang mencari uang dengan cara lain. Pada 2003 , ketika fakultas Ekonomi
dan Manajemen IPB mengadakan lomba Java Economic Competition se Jawa, Elang
mengikutinya dan berhasil memenanginya . Begitu pula saat Fakultas Ekonomi
Universitas Indonesia menyelenggarakan kompetisi Ekonomi, Elang sukses menjadi
juara ketiga. Hadiah uang yang diperolehnya, ia kumpulkan untuk modal kuliah.<br />
Setelah lulus SMU , Elang melanjutkan kuliah di Fakultas Ekonomi IPB tanpa tes.
Saat itulah, bermodalkan uang sejuta rupiah, ia kembali berniat untuk memiliki
sebuah usaha.<br />
Awalnya, uang itu ia belanjakan sepatu, yang lantas dijual di Asrama Mahasiswa
IPB. Hanya perlu waktu sebulan , ia sudah bisa mengantongi uang Rp 3 jutaan.
Sayang, setelah berjalan beberapa tahun, supplier yang digunakannya menurunkan
kualitas sepatu. Bisnis sepatu pun sirna. Ia melihat, lampu-lampu redup di
kampus IPB sebagai peluang bisnis pengadaan lampu. Elang mencoba menerapkan
strategi bisnis tanpa modal. Ia mengisahkan hikayat seorang pemuda miskin di
Amerika Latin. Setiap hari si pemuda melambaikan tangan pada seorang pengusaha
tembakau kaya raya dari Amerika yang sedang bertandang. Pada awalnya, lambaian
tangan itu tidak dipedulikan. Namun, karena selalu berulang, pengusaha tembakau
itu penasaran dan menanyakan maksud sang pemuda. Jawab si miskin adalah ” Saya
punya tembakau berkualitas bagus . Bapak tidak usah membayar dulu, yang penting
saya dapat PO dulu dari Bapak”. Setelah mendengar jawaban tersebut ,si
pengusaha kaya lalu mebuatkan tanda tangan dan stempel kepada pemuda tersebut.
Dengan modal itu, sang pemuda mengumpulkan hasil tembakau di kampungnya untuk
dijual ke Amerika lewat si pengusaha kaya raya itu. Maka , jadilah pemuda itu
orang kaya raya tanpa modal.<br />
Strategi inilah yang ditiru Elang. Bermodal surat dari kampus, ia melobi
perusahaan lampi Philips pusat untuk menyetok lampu di kampusnya.
“Alhamdulillah proposal saya gol, dan setiap penjualan saya mendapat keuntungan
Rp 15 juta,” Ucapnya bangga. Namun, karena bisnis lampu ini musiman dan
perputaran uangnya lambat, terpikir oleh Elang untuk mencari bisnis yang lain.
Setelah melihat celah di bisnis minyak goreng, Elang menekuni jualan minyak
goreng ke warung-warung . Tapi karena bisnis minyak ini 80 % menggunakan otot,
sehingga mengganggu kuliah, ia memutuskan untuk berhenti berjualan.<br />
Menyimak perjalanannya, Elang mengaku bahwa bisnis demi bisnis yang
dilakukannya lebih banyak menggunakan otot dari pada otak. Ia lalu
berkonsultasi ke beberapa pengusaha dan dosennya untuk memperoleh wawasan lain.
Enlightment lalu ditemukannya. Bisnis tidak harus selalu memakai otot, dan
banyak peluang bisnis yang tidak menggunakan otot.<br />
Setelah mendapat berbagai masukan, ia merintis bisnis Lembaga Bahasa Inggris di
kampusnya. Karena lembaga kursus itu ditangani secara profesional dengan tenaga
pengajar dari lulusan luar negeri, pihak Fakultas Ekonomi mempercayakan
lembaganya itu menjadi mitra. Karena dalam bisnis ini ia tidak terlibat
langsung, ia manfaatkan waktu luangnya untuk bekerja sebagai marketer
perumahan.<br />
UNTUK ORANG LAIN<br />
Sebenarnya , tanpa beralih ke bisnis properti, untuk dirinya sendiri, Elang
tidak bisa dibilang kurang mapan. Pemuda antirokok ini sudah mempunyai rumah
dan mobil sendiri. Namun dibalik keberhasilannya itu, Elang merasa ada sesuatu
yang kurang . “Kenapa kondisi saya begini, padahal saya di IPB hanya tinggal
satu setengah tahun lagi. Semuanya saya sudah punya, apalagi yang saya cari di
dunia ini ?” ia berdialog dengan nuraninya.<br />
Ilham dari atas diperolehnya. Bisnis propertilah yang ditunjukkan Tuhan
kepadanya. Namun,bisnis properti yang ditujukan untuk orang miskin lebih karena
hatinya ikut tersentuh.”Banyak orang di Indonesia terutama yang tinggal di kota
belum punya rumah, padahal mereka sudah berumur 60 tahun. Biasanya kendala
mereka karena DP yang kemahalan, cicilan yang kemahalan, jadi sampai sekarang
mereka belum berani untuk memiliki rumah.”unkapnya pada sebuah kesempatan.<br />
Karena modalnya pas-pasan, untuk media promosinya sendiri Elang hanya
mengiklankan di koran lokal . Karena harganya yang relatif murah , pada tahap
awal pembangunan langsung terjual habis. Meski harganya murah, tapi fasilitas
pendukung di dalamnya sangat komplet, seperti klinik 24 jam,angkot 24 jam,rumah
ibadah,sekolah,lapangan olahraga, dan juga dekat dengan pasar. Karena rumah itu
diperuntukkan bagi kalangan ekonomi bawah, kebanyakan profesi konsumennya
adalah buruh pabrik, staff tata usaha (TU) IPB, bahkan ada juga para pemulung.<br />
Sukses yang sudah ditangan tidak membuat Elang lupa diri. Justru, ia semakin
mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan. Salah satu wujud rasa syukur atas nikmatnya itu,
dalam setiap proyek ia selalu menyisihkan 10 persen untuk kegiatan amal.”Uang
yang 10 persen itu saya masukkan BMT (Baitul Mal Wa Tanwil/tabungan) pribadi,
dan saya alokasikan untuk membantu orang-orang miskin dan orang-orang yang
kurang modal,”Bebernya. Bagi Elang, materi yang saat ini ia miliki mengandung
hak orang miskin yang wajib dibagi. Selain menyisihkan 10 persen dari hasil
proyeknya, Elang juga memberikan sedekah mingguan, bulanan, dan bahkan tahunan
kepada fakir miskin. Pendirianya;sedekah tidak perlu banyak tapi yang paling
penting adalah kontinuitas dari sedekah tersebut.<br />
Masih banyak sebenarnya yang ingin Elang lakukan . Diantaranya, ia bercita-cita
ingin mendirikan perusahaan yang dapat mempekerjakan 100 ribu orang. Elang
Gumilang, masih akan terus mengepakkan sayapnya.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05973161947154517059noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2832082467634990485.post-9072538832563672292012-08-24T17:24:00.002-07:002012-08-24T17:24:16.862-07:00Unsur-unsur Kimia<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sabtu, 25 Agustus 2012</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2832082467634990485" name="7978029928058547693"></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAHASA ASAL DAN ARTI DARI NAMA UNSUR KIMIA</span></b></div>
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Hidrogen, H (Yunani: hydor = air; genes = pembentuk}<br />
Helium, He (Yunani: helios = matahari)<br />
Litium , Li (Yunani: lithos = batu)<br />
Berilium, Be (Latin: beryllos = manis)<br />
Boron, B (Arab: buraq = jernih)<br />
Karbon, C (Latin: carbo = batubara)<br />
Nitrogen, N (Yunani: nitron = basa; genes = pembentuk)<br />
Oksigen, O (Yunani: oxys = asam; genes = pembentuk)<br />
Fluor, F (Latin: fluere = mengalir)<br />
Neon, Ne (Yunani: neos = baru)<br />
<br />
<br />
Natrium, Na (Latin: natri = basa)<br />
Magnesium, Mg (Magnesia, daerah di Yunani)<br />
Aluminium, Al (Latin: alum = pahit)<br />
Silikon, Si (Latin: silex = batu api)<br />
Fosfor, P (Yunani: phosphoros = pembawa cahaya)<br />
Belerang, S (Latin: sulphur = belerang)<br />
Klor, Cl (Yunani: chloros = hijau)<br />
Argon, Ar (Yunani: argos = malas)<br />
Kalium, K (Arab: qali = abu)<br />
Kalsium, Ca (Latin: calx = kapur)<br />
<br />
Skandium, Sc (Skandinavia)<br />
Titanium, Ti (Yunani: titan = besar tubuh, raksasa)<br />
Vanadium, V (Vanadis, dewi cinta Skandinavia)<br />
Krom, Cr (Yunani: chroma = warna)<br />
Mangan, Mn (Latin: magnes = bermagnet)<br />
Besi, Fe (Latin: ferrum = besi)<br />
Kobal, Co (Jerman: kobold = ruh jahat)<br />
Nikel, Ni (Jerman: kupfernickel = tembaga palsu)<br />
Tembaga, Cu (Yunani: Kypros = Siprus)<br />
Seng, Zn (Jerman: zink = seng)<br />
<br />
Galium, Ga (Latin: Gallia = Perancis)<br />
Germanium, Ge (Latin: Germania = Jerman)<br />
Arsen, As (Arab: az-zirnikh = kuning emas)<br />
Selenium, Se (Yunani: selene = bulan)<br />
Brom, Br (Yunani: bromos = pesing)<br />
Kripton, Kr (Yunani: kryptos = tersembunyi)<br />
Rubidium, Rb (Latin: rubidus = merah)<br />
Strontium, Sr (Strontian, daerah di Skotlandia)<br />
Itrium, Y (Ytterby, daerah di Swedia)<br />
Zirkonium, Zr (Arab: zarqun = kemilau)<br />
<br />
Niobium, Nb (Niobe, dewi Yunani)<br />
Molibdenium, Mo (Yunani: molybdos = timbal)<br />
Teknesium, Tc (Yunani: technetos = buatan)<br />
Rutenium, Ru (Latin: Ruthenia = Rusia)<br />
Rodium, Rh (Yunani: rhodos = merah jambu)<br />
Paladium, Pd (Asteroid Pallas)<br />
Perak, Ag (Latin: argentum = perak)<br />
Kadmium, Cd (Kadmos, raja Thebe di Yunani)<br />
Indium, In (Latin: indicum = nila)<br />
Timah, Sn (Latin: stannum = timah)<br />
<br />
Antimon, Sb (Yunani: stibi = cincin)<br />
Telurium, Te (Latin: tellus = tanah)<br />
Iodium, I (Yunani: iodes = ungu)<br />
Xenon, Xe (Yunani: xenos = asing)<br />
Sesium, Cs (Latin: caesius = biru)<br />
Barium, Ba (Yunani: baros = berat)<br />
Lantanum, La (Yunani: lanthanein = tercecer)<br />
Serium, Ce (Asteroid Ceres)<br />
Praseodimium, Pr (Yunani: praseos = hijau tua; dymos = kembar)<br />
Neodimium, Nd (Yunani: neos = baru; dymos = kembar)<br />
<br />
Prometium, Pm (Prometheos, tokoh mitos Yunani)<br />
Samarium, Sm (Kolonel Samarski, ahli tambang Rusia)<br />
Eropium, Eu (Benua Eropa)<br />
Gadolinium, Gd (Johan Gadolin, 1760-1852, orang Finlandia)<br />
Terbium, Tb (Ytterby, daerah di Swedia)<br />
Disprosium, Dy (Yunani: dysprositos = sukar didapat)<br />
Holmium, Ho (Latin: Holmia = Stockholm)<br />
Erbium, Er (Ytterby, daerah di Swedia)<br />
Tulium, Tm (Yunani: Thule = Swedia)<br />
Iterbium, Yb (Ytterby, daerah di Swedia)<br />
<br />
Lutetium, Lu (Latin: Lutetia = Paris)<br />
Hafnium, Hf (Latin: Hafnia = Kopenhagen)<br />
Tantalum, Ta (Tantalus, dewa Yunani)<br />
Wolfram, W (Jerman: wolfram = batu berat)<br />
Renium, Re (Latin: Rhenus = Sungai Rhine)<br />
Osmium, Os (Yunani: osme = bau)<br />
Iridium, Ir (Latin: iris = pelangi)<br />
Platina, Pt (Spanyol: platina = perak kecil)<br />
Emas, Au (Latin: aurora = fajar)<br />
Raksa, Hg (Yunani: hydrargyre = air perak)<br />
<br />
Talium, Tl (Yunani: thallos = hijau muda)<br />
Timbal, Pb (Latin: plumbum = timbal)<br />
Bismut, Bi (Arab: bismuth = cerah)<br />
Polonium, Po (Latin: Polonia = Polandia)<br />
Astatin, At (Yunani: astatos = tidak tetap)<br />
Radon, Rn (Latin: radius = sinar)<br />
Fransium, Fr (Perancis)<br />
Radium, Ra (Latin: radius = sinar)<br />
Aktinium, Ac (Yunani: aktis = sinar)<br />
Torium, Th (Thor, dewa Skandinavia)<br />
<br />
Protaktinium, Pa (Yunani: pertama menjadi aktinium)<br />
Uranium, U (Planet Uranus)<br />
Neptunium, Np (Planet Neptunus)<br />
Plutonium, Pu (Planet Pluto)<br />
Amerisium, Am (Benua Amerika)<br />
Kurium, Cm (Marie Sklodowska Curie, 1867-1934)<br />
Berkelium, Bk (Berkeley di Amerika Serikat)<br />
Kalifornium, Cf (California di Amerika Serikat)<br />
Einsteinium, Es (Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)<br />
Fermium, Fm (Enrico Fermi, 1901-1954)<br />
<br />
Mendelevium, Md (Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyef, 1834-1907)<br />
Nobelium, No (Alfred Bernhard Nobel, 1833-1896)<br />
Lawrensium, Lr (Ernest Orlando Lawrence, 1901-1958)<br />
Ruterfordium, Rf (Ernest Rutherford, 1871-1937)<br />
Dubnium, Db (Dubna di Rusia)<br />
Seaborgium, Sg (Glenn Theodore Seaborg, 1912-1999)<br />
Bohrium, Bh (Niels Henry David Bohr, 1885-1962)<br />
Hassium, Hs (Hasse di Jerman)<br />
Meitnerium, Mt (Lise Meitner, 1878-1968)<br />
Darmstadtium, Ds (Darmstadt di Jerman)<br />
<br />
Rontgenium, Rg (Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen, 1845-1923)<br />
<br />
Catatan:<br />
IUPAC menetapkan bahwa sejak unsur nomor atom 96, nama unsur mengabadikan nama
ilmuwan atau nama tempat penelitian unsur.<br />
Unsur-unsur ununbium (112, Uub), ununtrium (113, Uut), ununquadium (114, Uuq),
ununpentium (115, Uup), dan ununhexium (116, Uuh) sudah berhasil disintesis,
tapi belum diberi nama resmi oleh IUPAC.<br />
sumber : Belajar Kimia Serasa Mudah dan Menyenangkan</span></div>
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